Tympanometry: A Comprehensive Glossary
Tympanometry is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the function of the middle ear and the mobility of the eardrum (tympanic membrane). This test helps detect conditions such as ear infections, fluid buildup, eustachian tube dysfunction, and other middle ear issues. Tympanometry is widely used by audiologists and ENT specialists to assess ear health and guide treatment decisions.
What is Tympanometry?
Tympanometry is a non-invasive test that measures how well the eardrum responds to changes in air pressure. A small probe is inserted into the ear canal, delivering a gentle burst of air. The device records the eardrum’s movement and generates a tympanogram, a graphical representation of the results.
Purpose of Tympanometry
Tympanometry is primarily used to:
- Detect middle ear infections (otitis media)
- Identify fluid buildup behind the eardrum
- Evaluate eustachian tube dysfunction
- Assess tympanic membrane perforations
- Diagnose otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in the middle ear)
How Tympanometry Works
During the procedure:
- A soft ear probe is placed into the ear canal to create an airtight seal.
- The device emits a sound while varying the air pressure in the ear canal.
- The response of the eardrum is recorded and displayed as a tympanogram.
- An audiologist interprets the tympanogram to assess middle ear function.
Types of Tympanogram Results
| Tympanogram Type | Description | Possible Condition | ||
| Type A | Normal eardrum movement | Healthy middle ear | ||
| Type As | Reduced eardrum mobility | Otosclerosis, scarring of the eardrum | ||
| Type Ad | Excessive eardrum movement | Ossicular chain discontinuity | ||
| Type B | No movement of the eardrum | Fluid in the middle ear, perforation | ||
| Type C |
|
Eustachian tube dysfunction |
Symptoms That May Require Tympanometry
If you experience any of the following symptoms, your doctor may recommend a tympanometry test:
- Hearing loss or muffled sounds
- Ear pain or discomfort
- Frequent ear infections
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Dizziness or balance issues
- Feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
Benefits of Tympanometry
- Quick and painless procedure
- Non-invasive and safe for all ages, including infants
- Provides objective results to aid in diagnosis
- Helps detect early signs of ear-related issues
- Can be used to monitor treatment progress
Limitations of Tympanometry
- Does not assess hearing ability – It evaluates middle ear function but does not determine hearing loss levels.
- Can be affected by earwax – Excessive cerumen in the ear canal may interfere with results.
- Requires cooperation – Young children may need extra guidance to stay still during the test.
How to Prepare for Tympanometry
- Avoid excessive movement or swallowing during the test, as it may affect results.
- Ensure ears are clean to prevent blockage from earwax.
- Inform your doctor if you have a history of ear infections or ear surgery.
- Do not use ear drops or hearing aids before the test unless instructed by a specialist.
When to See a Doctor
You should consult an audiologist or ENT specialist if you:
- Experience frequent ear infections
- Have persistent hearing difficulties
- Feel ear pressure or fullness for an extended period
- Have concerns about ear health and eustachian tube function
Conclusion
Tympanometry is a valuable tool in diagnosing and monitoring middle ear conditions. By measuring eardrum movement and middle ear pressure, this test helps healthcare professionals identify underlying issues affecting hearing and ear function. If you experience recurring ear problems, a tympanometry test can provide crucial insights into your ear health and guide appropriate treatment.
